The number of federal bias categories protected by state laws varies across the United States. This variation makes for increased difficulty in identifying and prosecuting hate crimes. Hover over each state to see the classes protected under their laws.
SOURCE: The United States Department of Justice | (Data analysis by Hannah Kathleen Roesch and Salma Reyes/News21)
Historical data from the original News21 chart. Missing source values are shown as “Not provided.”
| State | Race / color | National origin | Religion | Sexual orientation | Gender / sex | Gender identity | Disability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
| Alaska | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Arizona | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Arkansas | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| California | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Colorado | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Connecticut | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Delaware | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Washington D.C. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Florida | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Georgia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hawaii | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Idaho | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Illinois | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Indiana | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Iowa | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Kansas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Kentucky | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Louisiana | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Maine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Maryland | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Massachusetts | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Michigan | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Minnesota | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Mississippi | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Missouri | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Montana | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Nebraska | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Nevada | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| New Hampshire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| New Jersey | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| New Mexico | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| New York | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| North Carolina | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| North Dakota | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Ohio | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Oklahoma | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
| Oregon | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Pennsylvania | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Rhode Island | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| South Carolina | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| South Dakota | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Tennessee | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Texas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Utah | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Vermont | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Virginia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Washington | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| West Virginia | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Wisconsin | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Wyoming | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |